The mosquitoes spreading Zika in Miami are proving more difficult to eradicate than expected, the nation's top disease-fighter said as authorities sprayed the ground-zero neighborhood, tipped over kiddie pools and handed out cans of insect repellent to the homeless.
15 people are believed to have become infected with Zika from bites in Miami's Wynwood arts district -- the first mosquito-transmitted cases on record in the mainland U.S., which has been girding for months against the epidemic coursing through Latin America and the Caribbean.
Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, said Monday that despite aggressive spraying, the mosquitoes are still present in moderately high numbers, suggesting they may be resistant to the insecticide or are managing to hide in crevices and tiny pools of water in the bustling urban neighborhood.
In Miami, aggressive mosquito control measures don't seem to be working as well as we would have liked," Frieden said.
Mosquito control experts said that's no surprise to them, describing the Aedes aegypti mosquito as a "little ninja" known for sneaking up on people's ankles and capable of breeding in just a bottle cap of standing water.
On Monday, the CDC instructed pregnant women to avoid the neighborhood, marking what is believed to be the first time in the agency's 70-year history that it warned people not to travel somewhere in the U.S. The Zika virus can cause severe brain-related defects, including disastrously small heads.
At the same time, U.S. health authorities have said they don't expect major outbreaks in this country, in part because of better sanitation and the use of air conditioners and window screens.
Miami-Dade County mosquito control inspectors went door to door in Wynwood on Tuesday, handing out information, checking tires and other objects for standing water, and dipping cups to take water samples from vacant lots, building sites and backyards. In one lush yard, an inspector tipped over a kiddie pool and a cooler full of water.
Daily aerial spraying for adult mosquitoes and larvae has been approved for the next four weeks over a 10-square-mile area around Wynwood, county officials said.
The city of Miami is running extra street-sweeping routes to remove the litter and stagnant water that can serve as breeding grounds.
Because of environmental regulations governing which chemicals can be used as insecticides, mosquito control authorities cannot easily switch to another compound if bugs prove resistant to it.
Nothing has worked to stop this mosquito elsewhere in the world except for the introduction of mosquitoes modified to pass on genes that kill their offspring, said Michael Doyle, executive director of the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District. And the Food and Drug Administration has not given approval to that approach in the U.S.
"We have to totally rethink mosquito control for Aedes aegypti," Doyle said. "It's like a little ninja. It's always hiding."
The U.S. government might have underestimated how difficult it would be to control Zika's spread, said University of Florida public health researcher Ira Longini. But he also said there aren't enough of the disease-transmitting mosquitoes living in and around houses to cause long-term or widespread outbreaks in this country.
"In defense of the CDC and the government, it's a difficult problem to solve," he said.
